Pune

Prediabetes is the larger part of Pune's raised-blood-sugar finding. Among 2,562 HbA1c reports, 30.8% fall in the prediabetes range and 12.4% in the diabetes range. That distinction gives the result practical meaning: follow-up has to address prevention as well as clinical assessment and care for diabetes. A result in either band needs interpretation; a diabetes-range reading usually needs confirmation before diagnosis.

Together, the two groups account for 43.2% of Pune's tested HbA1c reports, second among the five metros behind Mumbai's 46.8% and above the report-wide 38.7%. These results were collected from 11 December 2024 to 11 December 2025. Of the 2,562 reports, 1,456 (56.8%) were below 5.7%, 788 (30.8%) were in the 5.7–6.4% prediabetes range, and 318 (12.4%) were at or above 6.5%. The Blood Sugar page sets out the wider finding.

Pune is the most measured metro in this report. It contributes 3,645 mapped reports, more than any other metro, and its 2,562 HbA1c results are the largest single-city HbA1c base anywhere in the report, ahead of Bengaluru's 1,515. These are reports from tested insured employees and covered family members, grouped by the pincode printed on the report. The larger number of reports does not make this a representative sample of Pune.

For wider context, the ICMR-INDIAB study estimates that 101 million Indian adults have diabetes and 136 million have pre-diabetes. It uses a population sample, unlike these tested reports.

Pune's 2025 title, "India's Glucose Control Capital", rested on 384 reports#

In WHI 2025, Pune was the report's metabolic leader and carried that label. The reading came from 384 HbA1c reports. This year's comes from 2,562.

WHI 2025 did not state its haemoglobin cutoffs. This is a comparison of reported city samples, not a health trend.

Raised blood sugar is already present in Pune's twenties#

The share climbs steeply with age in Pune, as it does nationally. The youngest adult band already has a high share of raised results.

Pune's share is above the national share in every band above, and the gap is widest at the youngest: 24.2% against 16.7%, or 7.5 percentage points. Nearly one in four Pune reports from people in their twenties is already at or above 5.7%, against roughly one in six nationally. The table covers the 2,533 reports carrying an age in one of these bands. The other 29 of the 2,562 are 28 reports from people under 20 and one with no usable age, and the bands above are the only ones this page compares.

Across the five metros, the 20–29 band runs 24.2% in Pune, 19.9% in Hyderabad on 151 reports, 19.5% in Mumbai on 185, 13.3% in Bengaluru on 549 and 9.6% in Delhi NCR on 219. Pune is the highest of the five and Delhi NCR the lowest. Pune is 10.9 points above Bengaluru in that band and 12.5 points above it across all ages. Whatever an employer with a Pune site decides to do about blood sugar, the twenties are already inside the problem rather than outside it.

Men have a higher diabetes-range share despite similar overall raised blood sugar#

At 5.7% the two groups are 1.9 points apart, with women marginally higher. At 6.5% they are 2.8 points apart the other way: 13.6% of male reports are in the diabetes range against 10.8% of female reports. Among reports from people in their thirties, the largest decade on this page, it is 9.7% of 626 male reports against 3.8% of 445 female reports, a gap of 5.9 points. In the forties it narrows, to 22.8% of 290 against 18.8% of 149. Two groups can look alike at the line where a result stops being normal and still differ in how far past it they are.

Haemoglobin separates them much further: 29.1% of female reports are below 12 g/dL and 7.0% of male reports below 13. The low-haemoglobin share is 22.1 points higher among female reports, using the sex-specific thresholds stated above. The Anemia page puts Pune's 29.1% between Mumbai's 52.3% of 621 female reports and Bengaluru's 23.2% of 1,131, while Pune's 7.0% for men is the second-lowest of the five metros, behind Bengaluru's 3.8% of 1,336.

Low HDL in Pune: 72.9% of women's reports and 58.7% of men's are below the protective range#

Read against the cutoff that applies to each report, which is 50 mg/dL for women and 40 for men, 64.7% of Pune's 2,539 HDL results are low. Split by sex that is 72.9% of 1,087 female reports and 58.7% of 1,452 male reports, 14.2 points apart.

The five metros sit inside a 9.1-point range under the sex-specific rule, from Delhi NCR's 56.6% to Mumbai's 65.7%. In all five, more than half of reports are low. Pune's own two figures are 64.7% and 47.8%, and the 17.0-point difference between them is the rule rather than a disagreement in the data: the Lipids page reads women against a cutoff of 50 mg/dL and men against 40, because the protective range differs, and counting every report against 40 classifies a large number of women's results as normal. Both columns describe the same 2026 reports under different cutoff rules.

Two thirds of Pune's B12 reports are below 300 pg/mL, and five in six vitamin D reports below 30 ng/mL#

Vitamin B12 is below 300 pg/mL in 67.7% of Pune's 1,661 tested reports, and vitamin D is below 30 ng/mL in 83.9% of 2,251. Both split by sex, and in the same direction: B12 is low in 74.0% of 869 male reports against 60.7% of 792 female reports, a gap of 13.3 points, and vitamin D in 85.8% of 1,309 male reports against 81.2% of 942 female reports, a gap of 4.6.

Pune and Delhi NCR both stand at 67.7% on B12, on bases of 1,661 and 657 reports. They are equal at the displayed precision. Pune and Bengaluru are the two highest of the five metros on vitamin D, both at 83.9%. Bengaluru's B12 share is about eleven points clear of every other metro, and the Vitamin B12 page carries the national figure of 69.6% across 6,192 reports, as the Vitamin D page does for vitamin D at 81.4% of 6,943.

These are report thresholds, not counts of diagnosed deficiency. The B12 band below 300 pg/mL includes the below-200 band used for deficiency in the Singla study and results between 200 and 300 that the study treats as borderline. The vitamin D band below 30 ng/mL is broader than the below-20 band used in WHI 2025, so those two vitamin D shares are not directly comparable. Low B12 is not unique to Pune or to this report's sample.

On the survey, Pune is the lowest of the five metros on six measures and third-highest on caffeine#

The survey received 1,119 self-reported responses from Pune. Its city measure is stated residence, unlike the biomarker pincode measure.

The six measures on which Pune is lowest of the five metros are short sleep, zero exercise days, high stress, eating out, any alcohol use and the preventive-action item. On the other two, Pune is second-lowest on nicotine, behind Hyderabad, and third-highest on caffeine, above the national figure. On short sleep the figure is 26.2% against Mumbai's 36.0%, a gap of 9.7 points, and 4.5 points below the all-India 30.7%. Short sleep here means choosing one of the two shortest answer bands, under 5 hours or 5 to 6 hours. It is not a measurement of hours slept, and the 6-to-7-hour band, the most common answer nationally, counts as neither short nor long. Pune has the lowest short-sleep share of the five metros this year, which is a position within this edition rather than a run of good years.

Caffeine runs the other way: 78.5% of Pune's answers report at least one caffeinated drink on a typical workday, above the national 76.6%, though below Delhi NCR's 82.2% and Mumbai's 81.1%. Neither this edition nor the last one asked anything about dependence, so this is a count of drinkers on a workday and nothing more. Nicotine use, at 14.8%, is below the national 17.2% but above Hyderabad's 11.9%.

The care list covered routine or symptom-related doctor consultations, full-body blood tests, company screening and fitness assessments. “None of these” is a selection, not proof of no care; 53 answers nationally also selected an activity. Alcohol and caffeine mean any use; zero exercise means no day reaching 30 minutes—not no movement.